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Design, Simulation, and Implementation of a Low-Cost Digital System for Crowd Management

Students & Supervisors

Student Authors
Md. Sahebur Rahman
Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, FE
Naveed Rahman Nadvi
Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, FE
Sanour Islam
Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, FE
Shafayet Ullah
Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, FE
Christopher Andrew Guda
Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, FE
Supervisors
Muhibul Haque Bhuyan
Professor, Faculty, FE

Abstract

This paper presents a low-cost, modular, LDR sensor-based crowd management system. The system utilizes dedicated entry and exit detection modules, each incorporating an LDR–laser setup and LM358 comparator circuits to generate digital count pulses. These pulses are processed by independent controllers driving seven-segment displays for real-time entry and exit counts. A central controller calculates net occupancy, compares it against a user-defined threshold, and triggers the entrance gate to close, currently implemented as an LED indicator when the limit is exceeded. The system was simulated in Proteus with varying crowd flow rates to evaluate accuracy. The results show that the system can count up to three people per second. The entrance gate responds within 445 µs, corresponding to the total measured propagation delay from input trigger to gate activation while consuming only 1.8 W of power. These findings demonstrate the system’s reliability, fast performance, and adaptability for integration with automated gates. Unlike existing high-cost solutions, this design uses simple, low-power components and a dual-controller architecture to maintain accurate counts with minimal processing overhead. The proposed solution is particularly suited for event venues, transport hubs, and other controlled-access environments where real-time crowd regulation is essential.

Keywords

Smart crowd management Low-cost design Comparator circuit LDR Digital system

Publication Details

  • Type of Publication:
  • Conference Name: International Conference on Innovation and Technopreneurship (ICIT2025)
  • Date of Conference: 11/09/2025 - 11/09/2025
  • Venue: INTI University, Malaysia and MS TEAMS (Hybrid)
  • Organizer: INTI University, Malaysia
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